Alpha (alpha), beta (beta), and gamma (gamma) rays have different ionizing ability and ability to penetrate matter. .Gamma or X-rays have weak ionizing ability and strong penetrating power, and require concrete or lead plates of appropriate thickness to effectively block. The ionizing ability and penetrating ability of beta rays are between alpha rays and gamma rays. It can penetrate ordinary paper, but cannot penetrate aluminum plate.

Due to the weak penetrating ability of alpha rays, a piece of white paper can block it. Therefore, attention should be paid to internal irradiation of alpha rays. The main way of entering the body is inhalation and ingestion. The main protection methods are: prevent inhalation from being polluted air and ingestion of contaminated food; prevent contamination of skin and wounds.

The penetrating ability of beta rays is stronger than that of alpha rays and weaker than that of gamma rays. Therefore, beta rays are easier to block, and can be blocked by ordinary metals. However, beta rays are easily absorbed by the surface tissue, causing radiation damage to the surface of the tissue. .So its protection is much more complicated: (1) avoid direct contact with contaminated items; prevent skin surface contamination and radiation hazards; (2) prevent inhalation of contaminated air and ingestion of contaminated food; (3) prevent The wound is contaminated; (4) shielding measures should be used if necessary.

Gamma rays have strong penetrating power and can cause external exposure. There are three main protection methods: (a) reduce the exposure time as much as possible; (b) increase the distance from the radiation source, because the exposure dose is different from the radiation source. The square of the distance from the source is inversely proportional; (c) take shielding measures. A sufficiently thick shield is added between the person and the radiation source to reduce the external exposure dose. The main materials for shielding are lead, reinforced concrete, water, etc. . http://www.haiqiang123.com